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The height of the line and numerical annotations represent the estimated market value of mAb therapeutics in each indicated year (shown as billions of US dollars). Many biotech companies that promised antibodies as anticancer “magic bullets” were launched from 1981 to 1986. Timeline from 1975 showing the successful development of therapeutic antibodies and their applications. Finally, future applications and perspectives are also discussed. This review summarizes the latest market trends and outlines the preeminent antibody engineering technologies used in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs, such as humanization of monoclonal antibodies, phage display, the human antibody mouse, single B cell antibody technology, and affinity maturation. As of December 2019, 79 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US FDA, but there is still significant growth potential. Thus, the market for therapeutic antibody drugs has experienced explosive growth as new drugs have been approved for treating various human diseases, including many cancers, autoimmune, metabolic and infectious diseases. The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market was valued at approximately US$115.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to generate revenue of $150 billion by the end of 2019 and $300 billion by 2025. Over the past five years, antibodies have become the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market, and in 2018, eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics. ![]() As a result, therapeutic antibodies have become the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years. Current antibody drugs have increasingly fewer adverse effects due to their high specificity. It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time, antibody engineering has dramatically evolved.
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